Bratislava Medical Journal Vol.114, No.3, p.140-144, 2013

Objective: To analyze the immune status in situ of tonsils of patients with recurrent tonsillitis (RT) and idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy (ITH) with the aim to discuss the indications of tonsillectomy (TE) and tonsillotomy (TT) in young children.
Methods: The histological and immunohistological study of tonsillar tissue of RT and ITH in correlation with immunological parameters in peripheral blood in 13 patients with RT and 16 patients with ITH.
Results: In the RT group, we found a higher degree of fibrosis with a higher density of memory lymphocytes (CD45R0+), B-lymphocytes (CD20+) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+) in surface epithelium of tonsils compared to the ITH group (NS).

The density of immunoglobulin IgG in the crypt epithelium in RT was significantly higher than in the ITH group (p = 0.041).

We also measured a higher sera concentration of immunoglobulines (IgG, IgM, IgA) and TNF-α in RT compared to the ITH group (NS) and TH-1 immune response in tonsillar tissue based on differences between local cytokine concentration TNF-α and IL-4.
Conclusions: RT has a higher inflammatory reaction in tonsillar tissue as a result of persistent bacterial antigenic stimulation. In patients with RT, the tonsillectomy might be the only option for surgical treatment. In patients with ITH with mild symptoms, the tonsillotomy should be preferred (Tab. 3, Ref. 24).