Bratislava Medical Journal Vol.115, No.11, p.712-717, 2014

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine serum nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and correlate them to gluten-free diet (GFD) compliance, the parameters of morphological and functional condition of the small intestine in patients with celiac disease (CD) in a long-term follow-up.
Patients and methods: The study included 35 children (age median 8.0 years) with previously diagnosed CD, among them 15 – on a strict GFD and 20 – on a semistrict GFD. 32 patients (age median 7.5 years) with functional abdominal pain were recruited as controls. Nitrites (NO2), nitrates (NO3), total content of nitrites and nitrates (NOx) in serum were determined using the Griess reaction. CD patients underwent small intestine morphometry and absorption D-xylose test.
Results: Compared to the controls, the CD patients on a strict GFD had no significant differences in NO2, NO3, NOx content, while in patients violating GFD these parameters were significantly higher.

In comparison with the patients on a strict GFD, the patients on a semistrict GFD had higher median values of NO3 (p = 0.002) and NOx (p = 0.0000).

Serum NOx correlated negatively with the height of villi (p = 0.0001), D-xylose excretion (p = 0.0063), and correlated positively with the depth of crypts (p = 0.0082) and cellular density of villi stroma (p = 0.0067).

Conclusion: CD patients not keeping to a strict GFD have an increased level of nitric oxide metabolites in serum. NOx content is associated with morphometric parameters of the small intestine that proves the participation of NO in the pathogenesis of histological changes in CD (Tab. 3, Ref. 39).